Marco.org

I’m : a programmer, writer, podcaster, geek, and coffee enthusiast.

Headphones and Coffee

I’ve always joked that this site is about headphones and coffee, with occasional posts about computer and tech stuff. But I’ve never found a way to write about headphones and coffee in the same article until now.


Tube amps look badass.

I enjoy them both every day, and both help me work. They’re both potentially great values, too: while greatness in some categories can get very expensive, most of the best coffee is less than $20 per pound (or less than $8 unroasted), the best coffee brewers are $25 or less, and most of the best headphones are under $700.

$700 might not sound like a great value in headphones, but many high-end headphones are much less. Even most “audiophiles” would have very few serious recommendations above that (most would have only one or two). That’s saying a lot — audiophiles can go really far off the deep end with most equipment.

And most headphone buyers don’t need to go anywhere near $700: there are some fantastic headphones under $300, and many great models under $150.1 If you were buying a pair of speakers, $700 will get a midrange set, finding anything good at $300 would be difficult, and you couldn’t get much of anything for $150.

Full-sized headphones2 also last practically forever relative to other electronics: I used the same $100 pair every day at work from Pittsburgh in 2005 through every day I worked at Tumblr, almost all time spent developing Instapaper, every episode of Build and Analyze and Neutral, the first few ATPs, and most long flights I took over that time. And they still work perfectly well — I only stopped using them because the original (but replaceable!) earpads are finally disintegrating and I wanted to upgrade to higher-end models.

Since I work at home, I can also usually work with open-backed (or simply “open”) headphones. Most of the best full-sized headphones in the world are open, and you can get dramatically better sound quality at a given price with open headphones. (The downside is that they provide effectively no isolation either way — you hear noise from around you, and the people around you clearly hear a tinny, annoying rendition of your music. Please know what you’re buying and don’t wear open headphones near other people.)

So when my wife requested that we move my best open headphones to her desk, I took the opportunity to upgrade. I wanted excellent sound quality, but I didn’t want to sacrifice long-term comfort, I didn’t want to spend over $700, and I didn’t want my headphone choice to require an upgrade to my nice, small desktop speaker/headphone combo amp.

I couldn’t find anywhere to try most of the high-end models in person, so I turned to research. I spent hours looking through HeadRoom and read this entire mega-review. I read opinions, compared charts, and even bought a crazy app that simulates high-end headphone sound signatures with a parametric equalizer. (It works enough to give you a rough idea, but that’s about it.)

Most of my research led me right back to the Beyerdynamic DT-880 that I already had. While many high-end headphones are regarded as sounding better, almost nobody has credibly said that another model is more comfortable for long listening. But I wanted to see if there was something I was missing at the higher end — after all, I hardly ever buy new high-end headphones, so I wanted to make sure I was getting great ones.

Eventually, I made a decision: I got the highly regarded Sennheiser HD 650. I spent a few days listening to them exclusively, and while they were very comfortable, their reduced treble response didn’t sound very good to me, and their silver-plastic construction looked and felt far below their $500 price. Put simply, they sounded timid and felt cheap.

Since I had some time before the return window expired, I decided to see what Beyerdynamic had done since the DT-880: I borrowed the highly regarded Beyerdynamic T1 (despite being well above my intended price range) and ordered the newer T90, which looked promising but had very few reviews yet.


Beyerdynamic T90 headphones with the Schiit Lyr amp.

In order to give these headphones a fair shot, I also borrowed two more amps to test alongside my Icon-2: my audiophile cousin’s Bottlehead Crack, and a high-end Lyr that Schiit (pronounced exactly as you’d hope) was kind enough to loan me for this article.

With these, I tried four DACs: the iPhone’s built-in one, the Mac Pro’s built-in one, the Icon-2, and an HRT Music Streamer II.

*   *   *

Similar to the audiophile world, the process of making coffee allows effectively infinite tweaking. People obsess over every variable: bean origin, bean growth environment, bean processing, roaster type, roast curve, roast darkness, water-to-coffee ratio, grind size, grind type, grind temperature, brew method, brewer material, water pressure, water temperature, bloom phases, water-pouring speed, water-pouring pattern, agitation method, agitation speed, agitation pattern, agitation duration, brewing time, filter type, filter material, filter method, filtering time, cup type, cup shape, cup material, cup insulation, everything else I forgot to mention, and whether you’ll be dumping a bunch of milk and sugar into it to mask all of these details anyway.

I’ve tried playing with most of these variables, and I’ve only found a handful of them to matter in a way that’s noticeable to me when I’m actually drinking the coffee.

That’s a good thing, really. If I’m perfectly satisfied not worrying and fussing about most of these factors, and can happily enjoy a cup of world-class coffee every day with relatively little expense or effort, that’s a win in my book.

Critically, I’ve also discovered that my tastes differ from what coffee experts usually agree is “best”. I’m rarely extremely happy with what I get from well-known great-coffee vendors like Stumptown and Tonx because they roast too light for my taste. Their coffee still tastes good to me, and it’s a million times better than Starbucks and other mass-market chain coffee. But I prefer a Full City roast, and if I had to guess, I’d say most of what I’ve had from Stumptown and Tonx has been a New England to American roast — much lighter roasts that substantially change the flavor profile.

They’re roasting for most coffee geeks, but I prefer a different style. (This is why I home-roast.)

*   *   *

Audiophiles swear that every factor matters. Every component, down to the power cables, has infinite room for expensive upgrades that supposedly deliver better sound in subjective ways that sound like pompous, obtuse, pre-Gary Vaynerchuk wine reviews. If you claim not to get the same results, there’s always another inferior part of your setup to blame. (Much like alternative medicine and paranormal phenomena.)

In addition to the costs, high-end audio can also quickly become a pain in the ass. Not only do you start needing more separate components to replace what was previously integrated into one, but many of them are finicky and unreliable. My NuForce Icon-2 is the least reliable audio component I own, often dropping one channel or developing a popping noise until I unplug it and plug it back in.

Vacuum-tube amps are even worse. They’re inconsistent, often introducing a constant low-volume hiss, occasional pops, or bizarre-sounding electrical interference noise. And like incandescent light bulbs, tubes burn out and need to be replaced after a few months or years.

The audiophile community is rarely happy with the stock tubes that come with amps, instead recommending obscure aftermarket tubes from the 1960s to get desirable sound signatures. Two of the most frequent aftermarket tube sets recommended for the Lyr were cheap on eBay (Tungsram Tesla and 6N1P-EV), so I got them for testing as well.


I bought parts for Soviet missiles on eBay because I’m an idiot.

It’s nearly impossible to find proper blind tests on high-end audio equipment, but most claims and common wisdom don’t stand up to scientific scrutiny. (Seriously, read those last two. It’ll be a while. I’ll wait.)

Evidence suggests that most amps don’t really sound different under non-distortion conditions (as long as they have enough power). I’ve suspected the same about high-end DACs, despite frequent contrary claims.

But I wanted amazing sound from my headphones, so I tested the growing mass of gear around my desk for over a month. I tried every combination I could between the three amps and four DACs. I didn’t have the resources to do a proper blind test, but I gave everything a fair shot with different kinds of music, different volume levels, and both long-term listening and rapid A/B testing.

I’d love to tell you that the best-sounding combo was the most expensive, following some of the audiophile community’s most popular recommendations: the Schiit Lyr with the Beyerdynamic T1 and HRT DAC.

It did sound amazing.

However, I couldn’t detect any quality difference at all between any of the amps. There were some volume differences — the iPhone and Mac didn’t have enough power to drive the HD 650 and T1 very loudly, and the Icon-2 only had a little more, while the homebrew amp and Lyr had tons of headroom. But when I normalized for volume, I couldn’t detect any difference in their sound.

It’s worth buying a separate amp if you need the power to drive big, high-impedance headphones, or if it provides other features that you need in practice, such as a hardware volume knob or multiple inputs. For audio quality alone, I haven’t found a reason to recommend an upgrade if your existing setup can drive your headphones to acceptable volumes.

The DACs fared even worse: I couldn’t detect a difference in any of them. To my ears, the sound was identical between my iPhone, Mac, and both audiophile DACs.3

Fortunately, the headphones are another story.

The HD 650’s timid sound and tacky plastic weren’t right for me, but I can tell why so many people love its sound: its timidity is comfortable, mostly balanced, and unobjectionable, much like medium-roasted coffee.

The T1 was very good, but I never got it to sound like its price. It was also significantly heavier and had a much bulkier cable than the cheaper Beyerdynamics, so it wasn’t as comfortable.

The T90 is clearly the successor to the venerable DT-880. It’s almost exactly the same size, shape, and weight, with nearly identical construction. It’s just as comfortable as the DT-880, too — an extremely high bar. And it sounds more crisp and detailed than any other headphones I’ve ever heard, including the T1.

Audiophiles criticize many Beyerdynamic models for having too much treble, and they’re right. The slightly aggressive treble is one of the only downsides of the DT-880. The T1 is slightly more balanced, but the T90 has even stronger treble than the DT-880, making that the only downside of the T90. But I actually like it a lot of the time, especially when listening to live concert recordings (Phish or otherwise).

The T90 has practical advantages over the others, too: not only is it the most comfortable for long listening (tied with the DT-880), but it’s incredibly easy for amps to drive — even my iPhone and Mac can drive it pretty loudly, unassisted. While a headphone amp can help it reach the loudest volumes, it’s not necessary for most T90 owners.

I kept the T90.

*   *   *

As I’ve figured out that most coffee geekery doesn’t matter to me, I’ve been freed to invest time and money into only the parts that I’ll notice most. I’ve also learned that my tastes differ slightly from the expert community’s.

Through this big headphone experiment, I’ve learned that the same is true for my audio equipment.

Headphones matter. A lot. I’ve never regretted a penny that I’ve spent on good headphones.

But it’s too easy to get wrapped up in the mostly-placebo obsession with the surrounding gear, or convince yourself that you need to hear what audiophiles hear and have the same opinions.

Any audiophile who reads this article will find endless flaws and omissions to justify disregarding it and discrediting me. I haven’t found a way to try the Sennheiser HD 800 or Audeze orthodynamics yet. I only tried a handful of DACs and amps, and none were more than a few hundred dollars. I listen with a computer, and it’s often playing lossily-encoded Phish with iTunes (gasp!). This wasn’t meant to be a comprehensive review of tons of high-end headphone gear.

But I think it’s poor advice to tell people that their $200–400 headphones “probably don’t sound as good as they could” without a $200 DAC. I expected there to be at least some noticeable differences between these high-end amps and DACs, but I just couldn’t hear any.

Your money’s better spent on the best headphones you can afford and whatever reasonably priced amp can give them the power they need, if they really need one.

Give yourself permission to draw the line somewhere. There’s always something “better” available. You don’t need every upgrade. You might not even notice it. And there’s no shame in realizing that you can’t tell the difference, or that you like things a bit differently than the experts.

(I’m writing that for both your benefit and my own.)

When you test audio gear, you focus on it much more than usual. You pick great, varied, well-recorded music, you play it a bit louder than usual, and you pay attention to the details. You immerse yourself in the music, create an experience with it, and appreciate it. That’s why new gear always sounds so good.

You can do that anytime you’d like without spending a dime.


  1. None of them start with “Beats”. ↩︎

  2. Note the “full-sized” qualifier: these are large enough that you’d look ridiculous walking around with them, although some people try. They don’t fold much, and come with big, unwieldy cables. Most of the highest-end models even terminate in a giant quarter-inch plug instead of the eighth-inch size common everywhere else except the highest-end (or oldest) audio setups, for no good electrical or practical reason (adapting the other way when necessary, from an eighth-inch plug to a quarter-inch socket, is much more elegant) except that quarter-inch plugs imply high-end power and substance.

    Portable headphones have very different designs and priorities, and it’s best to buy separate ones: in the time since I bought those big Sennheisers, I’ve gone through five pairs of portable headphones for walking and commuting. None of them were great, and four died with just-out-of-warranty failures. ↩︎

  3. One practical reason to have an external DAC is that it’s a fancy word for “USB sound card”. If you already have a USB hub to plug it into, it’s nice to run your computer’s sound output over USB instead of the headphone jack, resulting in one less wire that needs to be plugged into your laptop every time you set it up at your desk. ↩︎

Microsoft’s New CEO

A lot of people who know relatively little about Microsoft are commenting about new CEO Satya Nadella, and I’ll gladly join that list.

Nadella comes from Microsoft’s enterprise and cloud services division, which suggests that these are likely to become Microsoft’s focal areas going forward. I’ve seen two main opinions on this:

In the former case, Microsoft tries to be more like Apple and Google. They try (again) to break into the mobile and tablet markets successfully.

But Microsoft is terrible at being like Apple and Google. They’ve tried. They’re still trying, in some areas. And for the most part, it’s been a series of embarrassments and huge financial losses.

It’s too late for Microsoft to meaningfully break into the mobile space. If there was any chance of their products making it big there, we’d already be seeing strong growth. Successful mobile platforms don’t grow slowly and quietly.

But it’s just not happening for them, and it’s too late to try again. That ship has sailed. The market has been taken, and the juggernauts of Android and iOS are now deeply entrenched. There won’t be room for a strong third player for many years — probably a decade or more.

If the consumer-product-visionary strategy was going to work, its time has long passed.

With the enterprise-and-cloud strategy, Microsoft becomes more like IBM. They don’t need to kill off Windows — on the contrary, their enterprise business depends on the continued ubiquity of cheap Windows PCs — but they don’t need to try to shove Windows into the phone and consumer-tablet markets anymore at the expense of its suitability to boring office PCs (which they did, quite destructively, with Windows 8).

Instead of desperately trying (and failing) to be cool, hip, and “innovative” to consumers — a long-running flaw of Bill Gates, not just Steve Ballmer — Microsoft embraces and accepts its boringness, using it to their advantage.

Windows and Office don’t need to change much over time. Even today, nobody wants them to (except Microsoft). Just put out new versions every few years with minor improvements, a handful of new features, and slight facelifts. No more radical changes, ever. Give the customers what they want: the same Windows and Office, but a bit better.

PC sales growth is down, but I don’t think the market is going to meaningfully contract for a long time, if ever. Tablets aren’t replacing PCs for most people. And no matter how well Apple does with the Mac, they’re always going to leave huge gaps in the market for Windows PCs to fill.

Microsoft can keep being Microsoft, they’ll keep making tons of money, and we can continue to mostly ignore them. (Quick, name anything IBM has done in the last 10 years.) As their enterprise business is churning away, they can continue to build up their cloud-services business into a large-scale AWS competitor.

Appointing Nadella as CEO shows promise for this theory, and I think it’s their best move.

Adding podcast download links to Squarespace

John Voorhees tweeted:

Podcasters: If you use a Squarespace player for a new show, add a download link so I can try via Huffduffer before subscribing. See @atpfm

It’s non-obvious, so here’s how we do it. In your site settings, under Code Injection, I added this Javascript block to the Footer section:

<script type="text/javascript">
  (function(){
    var i, postBodies = document.getElementsByClassName('entry-content');
    for (i = 0; i < postBodies.length; i++) {
      var audioBlocks = postBodies[i].getElementsByClassName('audio-block');
      if (! audioBlocks.length) continue;
      var audioEmbed = audioBlocks[0].getElementsByClassName('sqs-audio-embed')[0];
      var fileURL = audioEmbed.getAttribute('data-url');

      var pNode = document.createElement('p');
      var aNode = document.createElement('a');
      aNode.setAttribute('href', fileURL);
      aNode.appendChild(document.createTextNode('Download MP3'));
      pNode.appendChild(aNode);      
      postBodies[i].appendChild(pNode);      
    }
  })();
</script>

You can see the resulting “Download MP3” link on any ATP episode.

Previously, I used this script to pull the episode file size and playback duration out of one of the Squarespace data- attributes and display them, too, but a change by Squarespace a few months ago removed that information from the markup.

Update: Squarespace Guru says that this only works if the audio element is the last block in the post.