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Why the MacBook Air (and your laptop) are slow

Engadget benchmarked the MacBook Air and declared it the slowest machine Apple makes. Most performance complaints have been about the 1.6 GHz CPU, a 20% clock-speed reduction from the 2.0 GHz CPU offered in the lowest-end MacBook. But that’s irrelevant in practice.

Most people, even those technically inclined, don’t understand some fundamentals about modern relative hardware performance.

Two things matter for general-use performance these days:

  • RAM capacity
  • Hard-drive speed

That’s it. Certainly not CPU clock speed, motherboard chipset, or GPU. They’re all so fast, even the lowest-end versions, that only specialized applications (video encoding, high-end gaming, etc.) are likely to benefit from boosting them.

Here’s something else you might not have known:

  • Laptop hard drives are much slower than desktop hard drives, even with the same rotational speed (5400 RPM, 7200 RPM, etc.). If you already have 2 GB of RAM or more, this is why your laptop is slow. Every time.

Install and watch MenuMeters to see for yourself.

And something that we just learned from the benchmarks at this link:

  • 1.8-inch hard drives, like those in the MacBook Air and hard-drive-based iPods, are much slower than the 2.5-inch hard drives found in other laptops.

Take a look at the “Disk Test” section at the bottom of that benchmark table. Not good.

Engadget didn’t publish the drive models used by their various MacBook Pro comparison models, but I’d guess that the lower one is 5400 RPM and the higher two are 7200 RPM.

Sidenote: Had anyone actually tested the $1200-premium SSD option, they would have seen massive speed gains. SSDs are many times faster than any hard drive in general-use performance, but they’re not yet reasonably priced.

Look at the score on the iMac, using a 7200 RPM, 3.5-inch desktop hard drive. It’s double the performance of the laptop drives.

And look at the score of the MacBook Air’s 1.8-inch hard drive: it’s 40% slower than the good laptop drives and 70% slower than the iMac’s desktop drive.

The less-informed tech journalists are complaining that the CPU’s clock speed is 25% slower than other laptops, but they’re completely missing the point.

You could replace nearly anyone’s faster CPU with a 1.6 GHz Core 2 Duo and they wouldn’t notice. But swap their nice desktop drive with a 1.8-inch iPod hard drive, and the performance will suffer so badly that they’ll come over and kick your dog within minutes.

Comments

Eric on January 26, 2008:
What's sort of ironic about this is that this isn't a new dynamic in computing. When I was building workstations in the mid and late 90's, primarily for higher-end use (3D, video), we often counseled customers to invest in the fasted drives they could afford, typically deploying 10K drives with oversize caches. We consistently found, as you note, that everyday performance could best be boosted not by an ever-faster CPU, but by greater RAM capacity and faster drives. As computing has moved primarily to laptops, the notion of performance metrics (other than rotational speed) seem to have been forgotten, but ultimately the performance "feel" of the machine in typical use remains dependent on these factors.

What I find surprising, and perhaps you can comment on this, Marco, is why current operating systems aren't able to (or interested in) offloading most of their operations into RAM when the user has 2Gb or more. It seems (from my position as someone well outside core computing) as if today's OSes should be able to do most of their business in RAM given those volumes rather than engaging in so much disk access.
Anonymous on January 26, 2008:
And what about solid-state drive option? Will it help?
Marco on January 26, 2008:
Eric:

> "...why current operating systems aren't able to (or interested in) offloading most of their operations into RAM when the user has 2Gb or more."


Linux and Mac OS X do a pretty good job of this: they use free memory as a giant disk cache.

I don't know how Vista does it, but Windows 2000 and XP (the NT5 kernels) were both awful at utilizing excess RAM. Under the assumption that programs should have RAM available to them *IF* they need it, the NT5 kernels page memory blocks to the swapfile very aggressively, even if there's plenty of RAM already available. This is why you can get a massive performance increase under XP by disabling the swapfile entirely.


Anonymous:

> "And what about solid-state drive option? Will it help?"

Yes. Solid-state disks are MANY times faster than even the fastest hard drives for the metric that matters most (seek time).

If you can afford the SSD and can accept the smaller capacity, get it. But most people won't be able to justify its cost and reduced size (64 GB).
Anonymous on January 29, 2008:
Interesting stuff. I've always looked at the MacBook Air as a super-wireless/portable option when you're "between locations". In other words, the Air isn't meant to be a standalone computer, but rather a portable addition to what you already have (hence wirelessly connecting to CD drives, etc.) so you can continue to interact with the Mac environment wherever you go. Some people may say "that's what my standard MacBook (Pro) is for, though." Fair enough, I suppose. All depends what you're looking for.

What this has to do with how fast Airs run is, in my opinion, I don't think they need to run much faster to be effective in the workflow they were designed for. If you want more of a workhorse in your laptop, it's probably better to get one of the other models.
Anonymous on January 31, 2008:
Where'd you get that info about disabling XP's swap file for faster performance? That's not even remotely true. If you don't believe me, post a thread in SH/SC asking about it. After they're done ridiculing you, one of the knowledgeable memory management goons (like biznatchio and Unabomber) *might* chime in with an explanation.

I don't know if you're confusing paging with swapping, but XP is not *that* aggressive (9x was) about it and disabling it when you have plenty of RAM changes nothing except that there is no longer a failsafe when an application requests more RAM than you actually have available.
Anonymous on March 4, 2008:
You don't know how many people I have counseled about this when considering buying a laptop. I have an original PowerBook G3 laying around (one of the 1997 "Kanga" versions) with a 250 MHz G3 processor. When I got it, I immediately put in a modern laptop hard drive and the dinosaur not only got about 500 percent faster, it's faster than some of the much more recent Mac laptops I've tried out. You have to do something very CPU-intensive to make the new one faster. I've used that old Kanga more than once to convince people of the value of fast laptop drives.
Anonymous on April 14, 2008:
The MacBook Air is fast enough for just about everyone. I have one and I have a TimeCapsule and this weekend I connected the MacBook Air with the S-Video to my TV and streamed an episode from Lost from the TimeCapsule wirelessly over to the MacBook Air and played it on the TV. It stuttered from time to time but not in a way that could annoy. And even that stutter would almost certainly be gone if I used an external USB key and played everything from there ! The only times I ever notice a difference between my Macbook Air and my iMac is when I load applications for the first time, it takes about a second longer on the Air than on the iMac. Once loaded I do not notice any difference at all for Safari, iTunes and iMail which are the applications I use most. And the sleep function is great and it comes to live a lot faster than my iMac from sleep mode ! In truth it is really the iMac that will be my 'second computer' and not the MacAir.

Anonymous on April 29, 2008:
I would be interested to see similar metrics for a SSD MacBook Air.

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